Diagnosis and Management in Vision Care. Stoneham, MA:

Butterworths, 1987.

24.

Scobee AG. The Oculorotary Muscles. 2nd ad. St Louis: CV

MosbyCo, 1952.

25.

Burlan HM. Exodeviations: their classification, diagnosis and

treatment. Am J Ophthalrnol 1966;62:1161—6.

26.

Von Noorden GK. Divergence excess and simulated diver-

gence excess: diagnosis and surgical management. Ophthal-

mologica 1969;26:719—28.

27.

Cooper J. Intermittent exotropia of the divergence excess

type. J Am Optom Assoc 1977;48:1261—73.

28.

Cooper J, Cluffreda K, Kruger P. Stimulus and response AC/

A ratios in intermittent exotropia of the divergence excess

type. Br J Ophthalmol 1982;66:398—404.

29.

Kushner BJ. Exotropic deviations: a functional classification

and approach to treatment. Am Orthopt J 1988;38:81—93.

30.

Manes L. The inconstancy of the ACA ratio. Am J Optom

Arch Am Aced Optom 1955;32:304—15.

31.

Carter DB. Effects of prolonged wearing of prism. Am J

Optom Arch Am Aced Optom 1963;40:265—73.

32.

North A, Henson DB. Adaptation to prism induced hetero-

phoria in subjects with abnormal binocular vision or asthen-

opia. Am J Optom Physiol Opt 1981 ;58:746—52.

33.

Morgan MW. Analysis of clinical data. Am J Optom Arch Am

Aced Optorn 1944;21 :477—91.

34.

Schor CM. The relationship between fusional vergence eye

movements and fixation disparity. Vision Res 1979;19:1359—

67.

35.

Amer AS, Berger SI, Braverman G, Kaplan M. The clinical

significance of the effect of vergence on fixation disparity—

a preliminary investigation. Am J Optom Arch Am Aced

Optom 1956;33:399—409.

36.

SheedyJE, SaiadinJJ. Phonla, vergence and fixation disparity

in oculomotor problems. Am J Optom Physiol Opt

1 977;54:474—8.

37.

Cooper J, Selenow A, Ciuffreda KJ, Feldman J, Faverty J,

Hokoda SC, Silver J. Reduction of asthenopla in patients

with convergence insufficiency after fusional vergence train-

ing. Am J Optom Physiol Opt 1983;60:982—9.

38.

Wick B, London A. Analysis of binocular visual function using

tests made under binocular conditions. Am J Optom Physiol

Opt 1987;64:227—38.

39.

Sethi B, Hanson DB. Vergence adaptive change with a prism

induced noncomitant disparity. Am J Optom Physiol Opt

1985;62:203—6.

40.

Sethi B. Vergence adaptation: a review. Dcc Ophthalmol

1 986;63:247—63.

41.

Cooper J. Orthoptic treatment of vertical deviations. J Am

Optom Assoc 1988;59:463—8.

42.

Vaegan. Convergence and divergence show large and sus-

tained improvement after short isometric exercise. Am J

Optom Physiol Opt 1979;56:23—33.

43.

Henson DB, Dharamshi BG. Ocuiomotor adaptation to in-

duced heterophorla and anisometropia. Invest Ophthalmol

Vis Sci 1982;22:234—40.

AUThOR’S ADDRESS:

Jeffrey Cooper

State College of Optometry

State University of New York

100 East 24th St.

New York, New York 10010